The structural composition of a transformer mainly includes the following parts:
Core: The core is the magnetic circuit part of a transformer, usually made up of high-quality silicon steel sheets with high permeability and low loss stacked together. The iron core is divided into two parts: the iron core column and the transverse plate. The iron core column is covered with windings, and the transverse plate is used to close the magnetic circuit. There are two types of iron core structures: core and shell. The core structure is simple and suitable for small capacity transformers; The shell structure is sturdy and suitable for large capacity transformers.
Winding: The winding is the circuit part of a transformer, usually made up of insulated wires and divided into primary winding (primary winding) and secondary winding (secondary winding). The arrangement of windings can be concentric or overlapping. The concentric structure is simple and suitable for small capacity transformers; Overlapping type is suitable for large capacity transformers, which can more effectively utilize space and enhance heat dissipation.
Oil tank and oil pillow: The oil tank is the outer shell that carries the iron core and winding, usually welded from steel plates. The body of an oil immersed transformer is immersed in transformer oil, which plays a role in insulation, heat dissipation, and arc extinguishing. The oil pillow is located at the top of the fuel tank, used to adjust the oil level and prevent direct contact between oil and air.
Cooling device: In order to dissipate the heat generated during the operation of transformers, transformers are usually equipped with cooling devices, including natural cooling and forced cooling. Natural cooling utilizes natural convection and radiation heat dissipation, suitable for small capacity transformers; Forced cooling accelerates oil circulation through an oil pump, suitable for large capacity transformers.
Voltage regulating device: The voltage regulating device is used to regulate the output voltage, including two methods: on load voltage regulation and no-load voltage regulation. On load voltage regulation can be carried out in a charged state, improving the reliability and continuity of power supply.
Protection device: The protection device ensures the safe and stable operation of the transformer, including gas relays, oil storage tanks, safety airways, etc., used to detect internal faults and take corresponding measures.
Outgoing device: The outgoing device includes a high-voltage bushing and a low-voltage bushing, which are used to lead the winding's outgoing line from the inside of the oil tank to the outside of the oil tank, playing a role in fixing the outgoing line and insulating it from the ground.
