The working principle of transformers is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an AC voltage is applied to a winding, current passes through the winding to generate magnetic flux, which induces electromotive force in the primary and secondary windings, thereby achieving voltage conversion. The core components of a transformer include an iron core and windings. The iron core serves as the main magnetic circuit, while the windings transfer energy through electromagnetic induction.
The basic structure of a transformer includes an iron core, winding, oil tank, cooling device, insulation sleeve, and protective device. The iron core is the mechanical skeleton of the transformer, responsible for conducting magnetic flux; The winding is responsible for the conduction of current. The fuel tank is used for filling and providing mechanical support, while also serving as a cooling system; Insulated sleeves insulate the transformer leads from the oil tank; The protective device protects the transformer from damage.
Transformers have a wide range of applications and can be divided into power transformers, special transformers, instrument transformers, low-power transformers, and impedance converters according to their different uses. Power transformers are used for transmission and distribution, special transformers are used for special power requirements, instrument transformers are used for measurement, low-power transformers are used for automatic control systems, and impedance converters are used for communication systems.
